Original research · Open data · Version 1.0
Every observation behind the report. Thirty B2B companies, eight fixed prompts, three AI answer engines, 720 coded observations collected on 18 and 19 August 2026. Nothing was excluded, re-run or re-scored after collection.
Independent discovery runs in which any of the thirty sample companies was cited. A discovery question describes a need and names no company. We publish the data because a finding of zero should be checked, not believed — and 168 of these runs still open at a permanent URL today.
Ten sheets. The data dictionary defines every column; read it first.
Each of these is a formula in the workbook, not a typed number. The denominators are the point: one discovery answer covers all five companies in its category, so 270 rows are 54 independent runs.
| Prompt band | Independent runs | Observations | Cited | Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discovery — P1, P2, P8. The question names no company. | 54 | 270 | 0 | 0% |
| Comparison — P3 only. Names the company, asks the engine to name others. | 90 | 90 | 62 | 68.9% |
| Named-company — P4, P5, P6, P7. The company is in the question. | 360 | 360 | 351 | 97.5% |
| All prompts | 504 | 720 | 413 | 57.4% |
The largest effect in the study is not what a company has done. It is whether its name is already in the question.
| Prompt | Band | Cited | Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| P1 — Best companies in the category | Discovery | 0 / 90 | 0% |
| P2 — Who should I consider | Discovery | 0 / 90 | 0% |
| P8 — Top-rated vendors this year | Discovery | 0 / 90 | 0% |
| P3 — Alternatives to [Company] | Comparison | 62 / 90 | 68.9% |
| P5 — What do you know about [Company] | Named-company | 83 / 90 | 92.2% |
| P4 — How does [Company] compare | Named-company | 89 / 90 | 98.9% |
| P6 — Is [Company] reputable | Named-company | 89 / 90 | 98.9% |
| P7 — What is [Company] known for | Named-company | 90 / 90 | 100% |
| Engine | Discovery cited | Named-company | Alternatives (P3) | Re-checkable |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT | 0 / 18 runs | 118 / 120 · 98.3% | 26 / 30 · 86.7% | Excerpts only |
| Perplexity | 0 / 18 runs | 115 / 120 · 95.8% | 17 / 30 · 56.7% | 168 permanent URLs |
| Gemini | 0 / 18 runs | 118 / 120 · 98.3% | 19 / 30 · 63.3% | Account-private sessions |
Across the 18 Perplexity discovery runs — the only subset with permanent, re-checkable URLs — Perplexity named 133 distinct firms a reader could hire or buy. Not one was in the sample.
| Category | Firm-slots | Distinct firms | Named in all 3 | Share of slots |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B2B SaaS (project management) | 32 | 18 | 6 | 56% |
| Business / management consulting | 44 | 24 | 8 | 55% |
| B2B financial services | 43 | 36 | 0 | 0% |
| HR / staffing & recruiting | 30 | 25 | 0 | 0% |
| Earned media / digital PR | 22 | 17 | 0 | 0% |
| IT services / MSP | 20 | 17 | 0 | 0% |
| Study-wide | 191 | 133 | 14 | — |
Study-wide distinct is lower than the sum of the categories because Accenture, Deloitte, IBM and Capgemini are each offered in two of them. In project management the locked set is Asana, ClickUp, Jira, monday.com, Smartsheet and Wrike; in consulting it is Accenture, Bain, BCG, Deloitte, L.E.K., McKinsey, Oliver Wyman and PwC. In the other four categories no firm at all survived all three rephrasings.
A finding of zero is the easiest kind to get wrong, because a matcher that misses a name produces exactly the result the author was hoping for.
Every discovery answer was scanned in full against all thirty company names plus twenty-six additional tokens — trading names, hyphen and spacing variants, and the distinctive word in each name — using whitespace-bounded normalised matching rather than a plain substring test. 36 of the 54 runs were verified against complete source text; Perplexity's eighteen were re-opened at their permanent URLs and re-scanned twice, on 20 and 26 August. Zero matches, both times.
The matcher produced two false positives and one false negative, and all three are documented in the workbook. “Arketi” fires inside the word marketing. “Out of the box” fires on the phrase not a traditional end-to-end PMO platform out of the box. And H2R-Solutions is written with a hyphen, so a matcher that tokenises on punctuation misses it. We publish these because they are the failure modes most likely to have produced a false zero, and a reader should be able to see that we looked for them.
The study set out to test whether a company's AI Confidence Score predicts whether engines cite it. On discovery prompts that question cannot be answered at all, because every company scored zero and there is no variance to explain.
| Test | Coefficient | p |
|---|---|---|
| Pearson r — overall score vs citations on P3 | +0.333 | 0.072 |
| Spearman rho — the same, on ranks | +0.368 | 0.046 |
| Pearson r — counting Mentioned as a hit | +0.517 | 0.0035 |
The 95% interval on the Pearson r runs from −0.03 to +0.62 and includes zero. Power at the observed effect is 44%; roughly n = 69 would resolve it. The result is unresolved, not null, and we publish it that way. If you run this correlation yourself, please report the interval rather than the point estimate. The four companies with a Spotlight on Startups founder profile are too few to compare against the rest, and no such number appears in the report.
Citation
Kell, G. (2026). The 2026 B2B AI Citation Benchmark: full dataset (v1.0). Spotlight on Startups. https://spotlightonstartups.com/ai-citation-benchmark-dataset/
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0). Reuse, redistribute and build on this data, including commercially, with attribution. Journalists and researchers may reproduce any figure in the report on the same terms. Questions, corrections and replications are welcome at [email protected].
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